Goryeo Dynasty

Goryeo Dynasty

The Goryeo Dynasty (Korean: 고려, Template:Lang-hanja) was a Korean dynasty that lasted from 918 to 1392. It was founded by Wang Geon, who unified the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea. The name "Goryeo" is the source of the modern name "Korea."

History

Foundation

The Goryeo Dynasty was established in 918 by Wang Geon, a military leader from the region of Songak (modern-day Kaesong). Wang Geon was able to unify the Later Three Kingdoms, which consisted of Later Baekje, Later Goguryeo, and Silla. In 936, he completed the unification by defeating Later Baekje.

Political Structure

Goryeo was a centralized state with a bureaucratic system influenced by Confucianism. The government was divided into three branches: the central government, the provincial administration, and the local administration. The central government was headed by the king, who was supported by a council of ministers.

Cultural Achievements

Goryeo is renowned for its cultural achievements, particularly in the fields of ceramics and printing. The dynasty is famous for its celadon pottery, which is considered some of the finest in the world. Goryeo also produced the Tripitaka Koreana, a comprehensive collection of Buddhist scriptures carved onto wooden blocks.

Economy

The economy of Goryeo was based on agriculture, with rice being the staple crop. The dynasty also engaged in trade with neighboring countries, including Song China and Japan. The use of Jikji, the world's oldest extant book printed with movable metal type, highlights the advanced state of Goryeo's printing technology.

Religion

Buddhism was the dominant religion during the Goryeo Dynasty, and it played a significant role in the cultural and political life of the period. Many Buddhist temples and monasteries were built, and the religion was supported by the state.

Decline and Fall

The decline of the Goryeo Dynasty began in the late 13th century due to internal strife, corruption, and external threats such as the Mongol invasions. In 1392, the dynasty was overthrown by Yi Seong-gye, who established the Joseon Dynasty.

Legacy

The Goryeo Dynasty left a lasting legacy in Korean history, particularly in the fields of art, culture, and religion. The name "Korea" is derived from "Goryeo," and many cultural practices and traditions from the Goryeo period continue to influence Korean society today.

See Also

• Joseon Dynasty
• History of Korea
• Tripitaka Koreana

References

• "Koryo dynasty". Encyclopaedia Britannica.