Grattage

Grattage is a surrealist painting technique that involves laying a canvas prepared with a layer of wet paint over a textured object or surface and then scraping off the paint to create an interesting and unexpected pattern. This technique was developed by the German artist Max Ernst in the 1920s and is closely related to the concept of frottage, which involves rubbing a pencil or other drawing tool over a textured surface to capture its pattern on paper.

History

Grattage emerged as part of the Surrealism movement, which sought to unlock the creative potential of the unconscious mind. Max Ernst, a key figure in this movement, was inspired by the textures he observed in everyday objects and natural forms. By using grattage, Ernst aimed to introduce an element of chance into his work, allowing the textures to suggest forms and images that could be further developed into a finished painting.

Technique

The process of grattage begins with the artist applying a layer of paint to a canvas. While the paint is still wet, the canvas is placed over a textured surface, such as a piece of wood, fabric, or metal. The artist then uses a tool, such as a palette knife or a brush handle, to scrape away the paint, revealing the texture beneath. This technique can be repeated multiple times with different colors and textures to build up a complex and layered image.

Applications

Grattage is primarily used in painting, but it can also be applied to other forms of art, such as printmaking and mixed media. Artists use grattage to explore the interplay between chance and control, allowing the textures to guide the development of the artwork. This technique is particularly effective in creating abstract compositions and can be used to evoke a sense of mystery and depth.

Notable Works

Max Ernst's use of grattage can be seen in several of his works, including "Forest and Dove" (1927) and "The Entire City" (1934). These paintings demonstrate how grattage can be used to create intricate and evocative landscapes that challenge the viewer's perception.

Influence

Grattage has influenced a number of artists within the surrealist movement and beyond. It has been used by artists seeking to incorporate elements of chance and spontaneity into their work. The technique has also been adapted and expanded upon in contemporary art, where it continues to inspire new approaches to texture and abstraction.

Also see

• Frottage
• Surrealism
• Max Ernst
• Automatic drawing
• Decalcomania