Great Famine (Ireland)

Phytophtora infestans-effects

Irish family from Carraroe, County Galway, during the Famine

An Irish Peasant Family Discovering the Blight of their Store by Daniel MacDonald

Suggested paths of migration and diversification of P. infestans lineages HERB-1 and US-1

Potatoes Production Great Famine en

Great Famine (Ireland)

The Great Famine (Irish: an Gorta Mór, [ənˠ ˈɡɔɾˠt̪ˠə mˠoːɾˠ]), also known as the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852. It is sometimes referred to, mostly outside Ireland, as the Irish Potato Famine, because about two-fifths of the population was solely reliant on this cheap crop for a number of historical reasons. During the famine, approximately one million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland, causing the island's population to fall by between 20% and 25%.

Causes

The causes of the Great Famine were multifaceted, including social, economic, and political factors. A major cause was the dependence on a single variety of potato, the Lumper, which was particularly susceptible to a disease known as potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). The blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, but the impact in Ireland was severe due to the dependency on potatoes as a staple food. The crisis was exacerbated by British government policies that continued to export food from Ireland, despite the famine conditions.

Impact

The Great Famine had a profound impact on Ireland; its effects are still felt today. It led to a significant decrease in the Irish population, both through death and emigration. The famine also contributed to a decline in the Irish language and changes in the social and political landscape. The disaster was a catalyst for Irish nationalism and played a significant role in the country's history of emigration.

Relief Efforts

Relief efforts during the Great Famine included local and government interventions, but they were often criticized for being inadequate or mismanaged. The British government's response, led by Sir Charles Trevelyan, was particularly controversial. The government implemented a series of public works projects, which were intended to provide employment, but these were often ineffective and led to further distress. Soup kitchens and the importation of corn from America provided some relief, but the overall response is considered by many historians to have been insufficient.

Legacy

The legacy of the Great Famine is a complex and enduring part of Irish history and identity. It has been commemorated in various ways, including in literature, art, and through public memorials. The famine has also had a lasting impact on the global Irish diaspora, shaping communities and identities in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

See Also

• History of Ireland
• Irish diaspora
• Potato blight
• Economic history of Ireland