Greek Orthodox Church

Greek Orthodox Church
Classification	Eastern Orthodox Church
Orientation	Eastern Orthodoxy
Scripture	Septuagint, New Testament
Theology	Eastern Orthodox theology
Polity	Episcopal
Ecumenical Patriarch	Bartholomew I of Constantinople
Region	Greece, worldwide
Language	Greek
Headquarters	Phanar, Istanbul, Turkey

The Greek Orthodox Church is a body of Eastern Orthodox Christianity primarily associated with the Greek-speaking peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean. It is one of the oldest Christian institutions and has played a pivotal role in the history and culture of Greece, the Balkans, and the Eastern Orthodox world.

History

The origins of the Greek Orthodox Church can be traced back to the early Christian communities established in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Roman Empire. The church became distinctly organized and recognized within the framework of the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire, with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as its spiritual leader, a position that has been maintained to this day.

Beliefs and Practices

The Greek Orthodox Church shares the same theological beliefs and liturgical traditions as the broader Eastern Orthodox Church. This includes the veneration of icons, the liturgical language of Koine Greek, and the adherence to the Nicene Creed. The church practices the Divine Liturgy of John Chrysostom and recognizes the seven sacraments of the Orthodox faith.

Organization

The Greek Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure. The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is considered the 'first among equals' in the Eastern Orthodox communion. Below the Patriarch, the church is divided into several autocephalous and autonomous churches, each governed by its own synod of bishops.

Cultural Impact

The Greek Orthodox Church has had a profound influence on the cultural, social, and political life of Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has been a custodian of Greek language, arts, and literature throughout centuries, especially during the period of Ottoman rule when the church played a crucial role in the preservation of Greek cultural identity.

Contemporary Issues

Today, the Greek Orthodox Church faces various challenges including secularization, religious pluralism, and political issues involving the status of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Turkey. Despite these challenges, it remains a central institution in the lives of many Greeks and Greek communities worldwide.

See Also

• Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
• History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
• Christianity in Greece