Greek Revival architecture

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Greek Revival architecture is an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Europe and the United States. It emerged as a reaction to the neoclassical architecture that was popular at the time, drawing inspiration from the classical architecture of ancient Greece.

History

The Greek Revival movement began in the mid-18th century and gained momentum in the early 19th century. It was part of a broader interest in classical antiquity that characterized the Age of Enlightenment. The movement was particularly influential in the United States, where it became the dominant style of public buildings and private residences from the 1820s to the 1850s.

Characteristics

Greek Revival architecture is characterized by its use of classical Greek forms and motifs. Key features include:

• **Columns**: Greek Revival buildings often feature columns with Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian capitals. These columns are typically fluted and support a simple entablature.
• **Pediments**: Triangular pediments are a common feature, often found above porticoes or as part of the roofline.
• **Symmetry**: Buildings are usually symmetrical, with a central entrance and evenly spaced windows.
• **Porticoes**: Many Greek Revival buildings have a prominent portico, supported by columns, that serves as the main entrance.
• **White Paint**: Buildings are often painted white to mimic the appearance of marble, which was commonly used in ancient Greek architecture.

Notable Examples

Some notable examples of Greek Revival architecture include:

• **Second Bank of the United States** in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• **British Museum** in London, England
• **Tennessee State Capitol** in Nashville, Tennessee
• **La Grange Plantation** in Louisiana

Influence

Greek Revival architecture had a significant influence on the development of American architecture. It was seen as a symbol of democracy and civic virtue, reflecting the young nation's admiration for ancient Greece. The style was also popular in Europe, particularly in Germany and the United Kingdom.

Decline

The popularity of Greek Revival architecture began to wane in the mid-19th century as new architectural styles, such as Gothic Revival and Italianate, emerged. However, its influence can still be seen in many public buildings and monuments.

Related Pages

• Neoclassical architecture
• Romanesque Revival architecture
• Federal architecture
• Beaux-Arts architecture
• Classical architecture