Green Card

Green Card

A Green Card, officially known as a Permanent Resident Card, is a document issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that allows a non-U.S. citizen to live and work permanently in the United States. The card serves as proof of the holder's status as a lawful permanent resident (LPR) and is an important step towards naturalization for those who wish to become U.S. citizens.

History

The concept of the Green Card originated with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which established the modern framework for immigration law in the United States. The card itself has undergone several changes in design and security features over the years, with the most recent version being introduced in 2017.

Eligibility

There are several pathways to obtaining a Green Card, including:

• Family Sponsorship: U.S. citizens and permanent residents can sponsor certain family members for a Green Card.
• Employment-Based: Individuals may qualify through employment in the U.S., often requiring sponsorship by an employer.
• Diversity Visa Lottery: A limited number of Green Cards are available each year through a lottery system for individuals from countries with low rates of immigration to the U.S.
• Asylum or Refugee Status: Individuals granted asylum or refugee status may apply for a Green Card after one year of residence in the U.S.

Application Process

The process of obtaining a Green Card typically involves several steps:

1. Petition Filing: A qualifying family member or employer must file a petition with USCIS on behalf of the applicant.
2. Visa Availability: The applicant must wait for a visa number to become available, which can vary based on the category and country of origin.
3. Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing: If the applicant is already in the U.S., they may apply for an adjustment of status. If outside the U.S., they must go through consular processing at a U.S. embassy or consulate.
4. Interview and Decision: The applicant may be required to attend an interview, after which USCIS or the Department of State will make a decision on the application.

Rights and Responsibilities

Green Card holders have the right to live and work in the U.S., travel outside the U.S. with certain restrictions, and apply for U.S. citizenship after meeting eligibility requirements. However, they must also comply with U.S. laws, file U.S. tax returns, and notify USCIS of any change of address.

Renewal and Replacement

Green Cards are typically valid for 10 years and must be renewed before expiration. If a card is lost, stolen, or damaged, the holder must apply for a replacement.

Revocation

A Green Card can be revoked if the holder commits certain crimes, violates immigration laws, or is found to have obtained the card through fraudulent means.

See Also

• Visa policy of the United States
• Naturalization
• United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

References

• USCIS Green Card Information
• Diversity Visa Program