Gymnopilus junonius

Gymnopilus junonius is a species of mushroom belonging to the family Hymenogastraceae. Commonly known as the "spectacular rustgill," this large and imposing mushroom is notable for its bright orange or yellow cap and its presence on wood, often forming in clusters. It is found in various parts of the world, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia, where it grows on both coniferous and deciduous wood.

Description

Gymnopilus junonius mushrooms have a cap that can range from 5 to 20 cm in diameter. The cap is typically bright orange or yellow, with a dry, fibrillose surface that can become cracked in dry weather. The gills are crowded, broad, and have a rusty orange color due to the spores. The stem is sturdy, often with a ring, and can be up to 20 cm tall and 2 cm thick. The flesh of the mushroom is yellow, with a bitter taste.

Habitat and Distribution

Gymnopilus junonius prefers to grow on dead or dying wood, including stumps and logs. It is a saprotrophic species, deriving nutrients from decomposing organic matter. This mushroom is widely distributed, found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. It typically fruits in large clusters from late summer to late autumn.

Toxicity

While Gymnopilus junonius contains psychoactive compounds, including psilocybin, it is not commonly consumed due to its bitter taste. The concentration of psychoactive substances varies among specimens and locations, making it unpredictable and potentially dangerous for recreational use. Consumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and psychoactive effects.

Conservation

As a widespread species, Gymnopilus junonius is not currently considered to be at risk. However, like many fungi, it plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by decomposing wood and contributing to nutrient cycling. Conservation of its habitat, particularly forests and wooded areas, is essential for maintaining healthy populations of this and other saprotrophic species.

See Also

• Mushroom hunting
• Psychoactive mushroom
• Saprotrophic nutrition