Héctor José Cámpora

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Héctor José Cámpora (March 26, 1909 – December 18, 1980) was an Argentine politician and member of the Peronist movement, who served as President of Argentina from May 25 to July 13, 1973. His presidency was notable for paving the way for the return of former president Juan Domingo Perón from exile. Cámpora was a close ally and personal friend of Perón, and his short tenure is often seen as a transitional period in Argentine politics.

Early Life and Career

Born in Mercedes, Buenos Aires Province, Cámpora graduated as a dentist from the University of Buenos Aires in 1933. He became involved in politics early in his career, joining the Justicialist Party (Partido Justicialista), which was founded by Juan Domingo Perón. Cámpora held several governmental positions during Perón's first two terms as president, including serving as a deputy in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.

Political Rise

After Perón was overthrown in 1955, Cámpora remained a loyal supporter, helping to organize the Peronist movement in exile. During the 1960s, he became a leading figure within the movement, advocating for Perón's return to Argentina and the restoration of democratic governance.

Presidency

In 1973, with Perón in exile and prohibited from running for office, Cámpora was chosen as the Peronist candidate for president. He won the election held on March 11, 1973, with over 49% of the vote, under the slogan "Cámpora al Gobierno, Perón al Poder" (Cámpora to the Government, Perón to Power), highlighting his role as a placeholder for Perón.

Cámpora's short presidency was marked by his immediate call for political amnesty, leading to the release of numerous political prisoners, and his efforts to ease the tensions between various factions within Argentina, including the military, labor unions, and left-wing guerrilla groups. His administration also took steps to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba, reflecting a broader shift towards a non-aligned foreign policy.

However, Cámpora's main objective was to facilitate the return of Juan Domingo Perón to Argentina and to the presidency. On June 20, 1973, Perón returned to Argentina after 18 years in exile. Amidst growing political violence and pressure from various factions within the Peronist movement, Cámpora resigned on July 13, 1973, to allow for new elections that could legally elect Perón as president.

Later Life and Legacy

After stepping down, Cámpora continued to serve in various political roles, including as ambassador to Mexico. He died in Cuernavaca, Mexico, in 1980. Cámpora is remembered for his unwavering loyalty to Perón and for his role in the complex political process that led to Perón's return to Argentina. His presidency is often viewed as a pivotal moment in the country's history, bridging the gap between the military dictatorships and Perón's third presidency.