H7N3

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colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Influenza A virus subtype H7N2
colspan=2 style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Virus classification
Species	Influenza A virus

Influenza A virus subtype H7N2 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus, which is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. This particular subtype is one of the many avian influenza viruses that primarily infect birds but can occasionally infect humans and other animals.

Virology

The H7N2 virus is characterized by the presence of two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H7) and neuraminidase (N2). These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to infect host cells and in the release of new viral particles. The hemagglutinin protein is responsible for binding the virus to the host cell, while the neuraminidase protein facilitates the release of progeny viruses from infected cells.

Transmission

H7N2 is primarily an avian virus, meaning it is most commonly found in birds, particularly in domestic poultry such as chickens and turkeys. Transmission among birds occurs through direct contact with infected birds or through exposure to contaminated environments, such as water or feed.

Human infections with H7N2 are rare but have been documented. Transmission to humans can occur through direct contact with infected birds or their secretions. There is limited evidence of human-to-human transmission, and such cases are typically associated with close contact.

Symptoms

In birds, H7N2 infection can range from asymptomatic to causing severe respiratory disease, depending on the strain and the species of bird. In humans, symptoms of H7N2 infection are generally mild and resemble those of seasonal influenza, including fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. However, severe cases can occur, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of H7N2 infection in humans is typically confirmed through laboratory testing of respiratory specimens. Techniques such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are commonly used to detect the presence of the virus's genetic material.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for H7N2 infection in humans is similar to that for other influenza viruses and may include antiviral medications such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza). Supportive care, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms, is also recommended.

Preventive measures focus on reducing exposure to infected birds and include biosecurity practices in poultry farms, vaccination of poultry, and public health measures to monitor and control outbreaks.

Epidemiology

H7N2 has been detected in various regions, including North America and Europe. Outbreaks in poultry can have significant economic impacts due to the culling of infected flocks and trade restrictions. Surveillance and monitoring of avian influenza viruses are crucial for early detection and control of potential outbreaks.

Also see

• Avian influenza
• Influenza A virus
• H5N1
• H7N9