HHV-6
HER-2
HER-2, also known as Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. It is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. HER-2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.
Structure and Function[edit | edit source]
HER-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. It is composed of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane helix, and an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase activity. Unlike other members of the HER family, HER-2 does not have a known ligand and is thought to be constitutively active or activated by heterodimerization with other HER family members.
Role in Cancer[edit | edit source]
HER-2 is overexpressed in approximately 15-20% of breast cancers, and this overexpression is associated with a more aggressive disease and a poorer prognosis. HER-2 overexpression leads to increased cell proliferation and survival, contributing to tumorigenesis. HER-2 status is an important biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
HER-2 status is typically assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect protein overexpression or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect gene amplification. Accurate determination of HER-2 status is crucial for guiding treatment decisions.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The overexpression of HER-2 in breast cancer has led to the development of targeted therapies. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the HER-2 receptor and is used in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer. Other HER-2 targeted therapies include pertuzumab, lapatinib, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine.
Research and Developments[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of HER-2 signaling and resistance to HER-2 targeted therapies. New therapeutic strategies are being developed, including novel HER-2 inhibitors and combination therapies.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
