HIST2H4A

Protein HIST2H4A PDB 1aoi

HIST2H4A

HIST2H4A is a gene that encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Histones are proteins that play a crucial role in packaging DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. The HIST2H4A gene is located on chromosome 1 in humans.

Structure

The HIST2H4A gene consists of a coding region that produces the histone H4 protein. This protein is composed of a core region and a flexible tail region. The core region is involved in the formation of nucleosomes, while the tail region undergoes various post-translational modifications that regulate gene expression.

Function

Histone H4 proteins, including those encoded by the HIST2H4A gene, are essential for the compaction of DNA into chromatin. They also play a role in gene regulation by influencing the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. Post-translational modifications of histone H4, such as acetylation and methylation, can alter chromatin structure and gene expression patterns.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the HIST2H4A gene or dysregulation of histone H4 expression have been associated with various diseases, including cancer. Abnormalities in histone modifications can disrupt normal gene expression patterns and contribute to the development of cancerous cells.

Research

Research on the HIST2H4A gene and histone H4 proteins is ongoing to better understand their roles in chromatin organization and gene regulation. Studies investigating the impact of histone modifications on disease development are also being conducted to identify potential therapeutic targets.