HIV-1

HIV-1 is a subtype of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is the most widespread type globally and is primarily responsible for the AIDS pandemic.

Overview

HIV-1 is a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, which are essential components of the body's immune system. This destruction leads to a weakened immune system, making the individual susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases, which are the hallmarks of AIDS.

Transmission

HIV-1 is transmitted through direct contact with certain body fluids from a person infected with the virus. These fluids include blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The transmission can occur during unprotected sex, sharing of needles for drug use, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Symptoms

The symptoms of HIV-1 infection can vary, but they generally include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss. As the disease progresses to AIDS, the individual may experience severe illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and certain types of cancer.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HIV-1 is primarily done through HIV testing, which detects the presence of HIV antibodies or antigens in the blood. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.

Treatment

While there is currently no cure for HIV-1, it can be managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves taking a combination of HIV medicines every day to prevent the virus from replicating, which helps to slow the progression of the disease.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for HIV-1 include practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if at high risk of infection.

See also

• HIV-2
• AIDS
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Opportunistic infection

HIV-1 Resources
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