Hainan

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Hainan 1820-1875

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爱情海酒店 - panoramio

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Hainan topographical map - cropped

South China Sea claims map

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Black star

Hainan is an island province located in the southernmost part of China, known for its tropical climate, rich cultural heritage, and significant economic growth in recent decades. It is the smallest and southernmost province of the country, comprising various islands in the South China Sea, with Hainan Island being the largest and most notable among them. The province serves as a strategic point in China's maritime silk road and is a popular destination for tourism due to its beautiful beaches, tropical forests, and cultural diversity.

Geography

Hainan is situated to the south of Guangdong province, separated by the Qiongzhou Strait. The island features a varied landscape, including mountainous regions, rainforests, rivers, and coastal areas. The highest point is Wuzhi Mountain, which is a significant landmark. The climate is tropical monsoon, with a distinct wet season from May to October and a dry season from November to April, making it an ideal location for agriculture, particularly for tropical fruits and rubber plantations.

History

The history of Hainan dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human settlement as early as the Neolithic period. It was often considered a remote and exotic place by the central Chinese dynasties due to its tropical climate and distance from the mainland. Throughout its history, Hainan has been a melting pot of ethnic groups, including the Han Chinese, Li, Miao, and Hui, each contributing to the island's rich cultural tapestry. In more recent history, Hainan was designated as a separate province in 1988 to promote economic development and tourism.

Economy

Hainan's economy has seen rapid growth since it was made a province and a special economic zone. It has diversified from its traditional agricultural base to include tourism, tropical agriculture, and high-tech industries. The island is famous for its resort cities like Sanya, known for luxury hotels, beaches, and water sports. The Hainan Free Trade Port, part of China's broader initiative to open up its economy, aims to transform the island into a significant global free-trade hub by 2050.

Culture

The cultural heritage of Hainan is a blend of its indigenous peoples and the various settlers throughout history. The Li ethnic group is known for their traditional weaving techniques, while the Hainanese cuisine, with its seafood and tropical fruits, is a significant part of the island's cultural identity. Festivals such as the Hainan International Coconut Festival and the Li and Miao New Year celebrate the island's ethnic diversity and traditions.

Tourism

Tourism is a vital part of Hainan's economy, with the island being dubbed "China's Hawaii" due to its scenic beauty and tropical climate. Key attractions include the beaches of Sanya, the historical sites in Haikou, the capital city, and the Yanoda Rainforest Cultural Tourism Zone. The island also hosts international events, such as the Boao Forum for Asia, attracting global leaders to discuss economic issues.

Environmental Conservation

Hainan is home to several national parks and nature reserves, such as the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, which aim to protect its unique biodiversity and tropical ecosystems. The government has implemented measures to preserve the environment while promoting sustainable tourism and development.