Hair straightening

Young Girls with Hair Curlers - San Jose de Ocoa - Dominican Republic

Hair straighteners (3)

Madame CJ Walker

Hair straightening is a hair styling technique used since the 1890s involving the flattening and straightening of hair in order to give it a smooth, streamlined, and sleek appearance. It became very popular among black males and females of all races during the 1950s because it gave a fashionable and clean look. There are several methods for hair straightening which include but are not limited to hot combs, hair straightening chemicals, flat irons, and blow dryers with a comb attachment. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, often varying by hair type, length, and personal preference.

Methods of Hair Straightening

Chemical Straightening (Relaxers)

Chemical straightening, or relaxing, involves the use of chemicals to break and reform the disulfide bonds of the hair. The hair is then set in a straight pattern. There are two types of relaxers: lye and no-lye relaxers. Lye relaxers contain sodium hydroxide, which can be more damaging to the hair and scalp but works more quickly. No-lye relaxers contain calcium hydroxide or guanidine hydroxide, which are less irritating but can leave a calcium buildup on the hair.

Brazilian Hair Straightening

Brazilian hair straightening (also known as Brazilian Keratin Treatment or BKT) is a method of temporarily straightening hair by sealing a liquid keratin and a preservative solution into the hair with a flat iron. This treatment can last up to 6 months and is known for reducing frizz and adding a glossy shine to the hair.

Japanese Hair Straightening

Japanese hair straightening, also known as thermal reconditioning, is a method of permanent hair straightening. It involves a chemical solution that breaks the hair's bonds, which is then followed by heat application to restructure the hair's shape. This process can leave the hair pin-straight and is considered permanent because it does not wash out, but new growth will maintain the hair's natural texture.

Flat Irons

Flat irons, or straightening irons, are tools used to straighten the hair by applying heat directly to the hair shaft. The temperature and the size of the iron should be chosen based on the hair type and length. Ceramic irons are popular as they offer even heat distribution and minimize damage.

Blow Drying

Blow drying with a comb attachment or using a round brush can also straighten hair. This method requires drying small sections of damp hair by pulling them taut with the brush while applying heat from the blow dryer. This method is less damaging than chemical treatments and flat irons but may not provide as lasting an effect.

Risks and Considerations

Hair straightening, especially chemical and thermal methods, can cause hair damage such as breakage, dryness, and loss of natural curl pattern. It is important to use protective products and limit the frequency of heat and chemical treatments. Individuals with damaged or over-processed hair should consider consulting a professional stylist before undergoing any hair straightening procedure.

Maintenance

Straightened hair requires maintenance to keep it looking sleek and to minimize damage. This includes using heat protectant products, deep conditioning regularly, and trimming ends to prevent split ends. For chemically treated hair, touch-ups may be necessary every 6 to 8 weeks to maintain the straightened look.