Havdalah

Hawdala Candles

Havdalah

Havdal

Rebbehavdala

Havdalah (Hebrew: הַבְדָּלָה, "separation") is a Jewish religious ceremony that marks the symbolic end of Shabbat and ushers in the new week. The ritual involves the lighting of a special Havdalah candle, the blessing of a cup of wine, and the smelling of sweet spices. Havdalah is recited after nightfall on Saturday evening, when three stars are visible in the sky, signifying the end of the Sabbath.

Etymology

The word "Havdalah" means "separation" or "distinction" in Hebrew. It refers to the act of distinguishing between the sacredness of Shabbat and the ordinariness of the weekdays.

Components of Havdalah

Havdalah consists of four blessings:

1. Over the wine (Kiddush), which symbolizes joy and sanctification.
2. Over fragrant spices (Besamim), to comfort the soul that is said to lose an extra level of spiritual sensitivity with the departure of Shabbat.
3. Over the flame of a candle, which represents the first act of creation by humans after Shabbat, acknowledging the ability to create fire.
4. A final blessing that acknowledges the separation between the sacred and the mundane, between Shabbat and the working week.

Havdalah Candle

The Havdalah candle must have multiple wicks, traditionally at least two, braided or twisted together, symbolizing the intertwining of the sacred and the secular aspects of life. The use of a multi-wicked candle distinguishes the Havdalah light from the single flame of a Shabbat candle.

Spices (Besamim)

The spices used in Havdalah are typically contained in a decorative box or holder. Common spices include cloves, cinnamon, and myrtle, chosen for their strong and pleasant fragrance. The smelling of spices is intended to revive the soul saddened by the departure of Shabbat.

Wine

Wine, a symbol of joy and sanctification in many Jewish rituals, is used to bless the transition from Shabbat to the weekdays. The person leading Havdalah recites the blessings while holding a full cup of wine, and at the conclusion of the ceremony, drinks from the cup.

Significance

Havdalah serves as a moment of reflection on the unique sanctity of Shabbat and a ritual preparation for the week ahead. It emphasizes the Jewish values of sanctity, joy, and the distinction between different times and states of being.

Customs and Traditions

While the core elements of Havdalah are consistent, various Jewish communities may incorporate additional customs, prayers, or songs. For example, some Sephardic communities have the custom of pouring the wine over the hands or using it for a small blessing for prosperity.

In Jewish Law and Tradition

The obligation to perform Havdalah is derived from the Torah, where it is implied from the commandment to "remember" (Zachor) and "observe" (Shamor) the Shabbat. The Talmud elaborates on the practice and its components, emphasizing its importance in Jewish life and law.

Conclusion

Havdalah is a poignant ceremony that beautifully encapsulates the transition from the holiness of Shabbat to the regularity of the week. It serves as a weekly reminder of the Jewish people's enduring commitment to sanctity, joy, and the cyclical nature of time.