Hawaiian kinship

Hawaiian-kinship-chart

Hawaiian kinship is a term used in anthropology to describe a specific type of kinship system that was traditionally used in Hawaii and other parts of Polynesia. Unlike the nuclear family structure familiar to many in Western societies, Hawaiian kinship, also known as the "generational system," emphasizes the importance of the extended family and a collective approach to family relations.

Overview

In the Hawaiian kinship system, all relatives of the same generation are referred to by the same term. For example, there is no distinction between a cousin and a sibling; both are referred to using the same term. This system reflects the Polynesian cultural emphasis on group cohesion and cooperation, which is essential for survival in the islands' environments.

Key Features

The key features of Hawaiian kinship include:

• Generational Terminology: All members of the same generation are considered equivalent. Thus, parents' siblings are also referred to as parents, and all cousins are considered siblings.
• Lack of Gender Distinction: Hawaiian kinship terms do not distinguish between genders. The same term is used for both male and female relatives in the same generational level.
• Collective Parenting: Children are often raised collectively by the extended family, blurring the lines of biological parentage in favor of communal responsibility.

Social Implications

The Hawaiian kinship system has several social implications:

• Flexibility in Social Roles: The fluidity of family roles allows individuals to assume various responsibilities within the family unit, promoting a sense of unity and shared purpose.
• Strong Community Bonds: The emphasis on extended family ties strengthens community bonds, creating a robust support network for individuals.
• Inheritance and Succession: Inheritance and succession practices under Hawaiian kinship can differ significantly from those in societies with nuclear family models, often focusing on the collective well-being of the family or group rather than individual rights.

Comparison with Other Systems

Hawaiian kinship is one of several types of kinship systems identified by anthropologists. It contrasts with the Eskimo kinship system, which is prevalent in Western societies and emphasizes the nuclear family with clear distinctions between relatives. Another system is the Sudanese kinship system, which has highly specific terms for each family member, reflecting a complex social structure.

Contemporary Relevance

While modern influences have led to changes in family structures worldwide, elements of the Hawaiian kinship system persist in Hawaii and other Polynesian cultures. These elements continue to influence social relations, child-rearing practices, and community organization, reflecting the enduring nature of traditional kinship systems in shaping human societies.