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Hay Bacillus is a common name for the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and humans. B. subtilis is considered the best studied gram-positive bacterium and a model organism to study bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production and used on an industrial scale by biotechnology companies.

Characteristics

Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium. It is capable of forming a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. B. subtilis has proven highly amenable to genetic manipulation which has allowed for an in-depth understanding of its cell cycle.

Ecology

Bacillus subtilis is a typical soil bacterium and can also be found in the human gut. It is not considered a human pathogen. In the soil, B. subtilis has been found to inhibit the growth of other bacteria and fungi, thereby establishing a niche for itself.

Uses

Bacillus subtilis is heavily studied due to its ability to secrete large amounts of enzymes. It is used in various industrial processes, including the production of amylase and protease, two enzymes that have a wide range of applications.

Research

Research on Bacillus subtilis has been ongoing for many years due to its importance in industrial applications and its use as a model organism for gram-positive bacteria. Studies have focused on its ability to form endospores, its enzyme production, and its interactions with other microorganisms.

See also

• Bacillus (shape)
• Endospore
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Soil bacterium