Hearing tests

Hearing impairment or hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. It may occur in one or both ears. Causes of hearing loss include noise, genetics, aging, infections, and birth complications. The condition can be temporary or permanent, mild or severe, gradual or sudden. Hearing loss can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in older adults.

Causes

Hearing impairment can be caused by many different factors, including genetics, aging, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.

Genetics

Genetics can often play a role in hearing impairment. This can be due to a variety of genetic disorders, such as Usher syndrome, Alport syndrome, and Down syndrome. It can also be a result of a genetic mutation.

Aging

Aging is another common cause of hearing loss. As people age, the structures of the inner ear may start to degenerate, which can lead to hearing impairment. This type of hearing loss is known as presbycusis.

Noise

Exposure to loud noise can damage the structures of the inner ear and lead to noise-induced hearing loss. This can be a result of exposure to loud music, machinery, firearms, or loud explosions.

Infections

Certain infections can cause hearing loss. These include meningitis, measles, mumps, and cytomegalovirus.

Birth complications

Birth complications, including prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal jaundice, can cause hearing loss in infants. In addition, certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, can also cause hearing loss in the baby.

Treatment

Treatment for hearing impairment depends on the cause and severity of the condition. It may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive devices. In some cases, surgery may be required.

See also

• Deaf culture
• Sign language
• Audiology