Hendra

Hendra virus (HeV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus, and is one of several viruses identified by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) as a pathogen transmissible from animals to humans. The virus was first identified in 1994 during an outbreak of illness in a large racing stable in the suburb of Hendra, Brisbane, Australia. The natural reservoir of HeV is the fruit bat, specifically species within the Pteropus genus.

History

The Hendra virus was first identified in 1994, during an outbreak of illness in a large racing stable in the suburb of Hendra, Brisbane, Australia. The virus is named after the location of this initial outbreak. A total of 21 horses died as a result of the outbreak, and it also resulted in the death of trainer Vic Rail.

Transmission

The natural reservoir of HeV is the fruit bat, specifically species within the Pteropus genus. The virus can be transmitted to humans from horses, and it has also been found in dogs. The exact method of transmission from bats to horses is not known, but it is thought to involve exposure to the bat's urine, faeces or birthing fluids.

Symptoms

In humans, Hendra virus causes a range of symptoms, which may include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and neurological and respiratory problems. In severe cases, it can cause encephalitis and pneumonia, and it is often fatal.

Prevention and Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for Hendra virus infection in humans. Treatment is supportive and may include respiratory support, intravenous fluids, and treatment of any secondary infections. A vaccine for horses is available and has been shown to be effective in preventing infection.

See Also

• Nipah virus
• Australian bat lyssavirus
• Zoonosis

References

Hendra Resources
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