Hera

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Marriage of Zeus and Hera (detail) Pompeian Art

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Temple of Hera - Agrigento - Italy 2015

Hera Barberini Chiaramonti Inv1210

James Barry 001

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Plan of the Temple of Hera (Olympia)

Hera is a major figure in Greek mythology, known as the queen of the Olympian gods and the wife and sister of Zeus, the king of the gods. Hera is associated with marriage, childbirth, and the family, and she is often depicted as a majestic and solemn figure who presides over the sanctity of marriage and the welfare of women during childbirth. Despite her noble associations, Hera is also known for her jealous and vengeful nature, particularly towards Zeus's numerous lovers and illegitimate offspring.

Mythology and Worship

Hera's origins can be traced back to pre-Hellenic goddesses, and she was widely worshipped across the Greek world. Her primary cult centers included Argos, Samos, and the Heraion of Samos, which was one of the largest and most important sanctuaries dedicated to her worship. The Heraia, a festival in honor of Hera, featured various games and competitions for women.

In mythology, Hera's role is often defined by her relationship with Zeus. Despite being the goddess of marriage, her own marriage was far from peaceful, marked by Zeus's frequent infidelities and Hera's subsequent retaliations against his lovers and their children, including well-known figures such as Hercules and Leto. Despite this, Hera was also known to protect and aid heroes and mortals whom she favored.

Hera's children include Ares, the god of war; Hephaestus, the god of blacksmiths and fire; Hebe, the goddess of youth; and Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth. Notably, many of her children were born without the involvement of Zeus, highlighting her aspects as a mother and protector.

Symbols and Attributes

Hera's symbols include the peacock, symbolizing her beauty, pride, and the all-seeing nature of her wrath; the cow, reflecting her maternal and nurturing aspects; and the pomegranate, a symbol of fertility. She is often depicted holding a scepter or a pomegranate, and sometimes wearing a diadem, in ancient Greek art.

Cultural Impact

Hera's influence extends beyond ancient religion and mythology into modern culture, where she continues to be a symbol of marriage, fidelity, and the protective aspects of womanhood. Her stories have been interpreted in various ways throughout history, reflecting changing attitudes towards women, marriage, and power.

See Also

• Olympian gods
• Zeus
• Greek mythology
• Hercules
• Argos
• Samos