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Heracleum sphondylium, commonly known as hogweed, cow parsnip, or elkweed, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Apiaceae family. It is native to Europe and Asia, but has been introduced to North America and is considered an invasive species in some areas.

Description

Heracleum sphondylium grows to a height of 1-2 meters, with large, deeply lobed leaves up to 50 cm long. The plant produces white or pinkish flowers in large, umbrella-shaped clusters, and its fruit is a small, flat, oval seed.

Habitat and Distribution

Heracleum sphondylium is found in a variety of habitats, including meadows, pastures, and the edges of forests. It prefers moist, fertile soil and is often found near rivers and streams. The plant is native to most of Europe and western Asia, and has been introduced to North America, where it is considered an invasive species in some areas.

Uses

The young leaves, stems and roots of Heracleum sphondylium can be eaten, and have been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. However, the plant contains furanocoumarins, which can cause skin irritation and photosensitivity in some people.

Invasive Species

In North America, Heracleum sphondylium is considered an invasive species. It can quickly colonize disturbed areas, outcompeting native plants and altering habitats. Efforts are being made to control its spread, primarily through mechanical removal and the use of herbicides.

See Also

• Invasive species
• Apiaceae
• Furanocoumarins