Hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase
Hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (HepPP synthase) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of quinones, which are important for cellular respiration and photosynthesis in many organisms. This enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of hexaprenyl diphosphate (HepPP), a key intermediate in the production of quinones such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and plastoquinone, from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP).
Function[edit | edit source]
Hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase is involved in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, which is essential for the production of a wide range of biomolecules, including vitamins, steroids, and terpenes. The enzyme adds multiple isopentenyl diphosphate units to farnesyl diphosphate to produce hexaprenyl diphosphate. This reaction is crucial for the biosynthesis of quinones, which are involved in electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The structure of hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase varies among different species. However, it typically consists of a highly conserved domain that is responsible for the catalytic activity of the enzyme. This domain binds to the substrates, IPP and FPP, and facilitates their condensation to form HepPP. The enzyme's activity is regulated by various factors, including the availability of substrates and the presence of other proteins that can modulate its function.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Alterations in the activity of hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase can have significant implications for human health. Given its role in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, a deficiency in this enzyme's activity can lead to coenzyme Q10 deficiency, a condition associated with various mitochondrial diseases. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, neurological disorders, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
