Higenamine

Higenamine

Higenamine (also known as norcoclaurine) is a naturally occurring chemical compound found in a variety of plants, including the Aconitum species, Nandina domestica (sacred bamboo), and some species of the Magnolia and Annonaceae families. It is classified as a beta-2 adrenergic agonist - a type of drug that can stimulate the heart and other muscles in the body.

Chemistry

Higenamine is a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid. It has a molecular formula of C16H17NO3 and a molecular weight of 271.31 g/mol. The compound is structurally similar to other plant-based alkaloids such as ephedrine and synephrine.

Sources

Higenamine is found in a variety of plants, including the Aconitum species, Nandina domestica (sacred bamboo), and some species of the Magnolia and Annonaceae families. It is also found in trace amounts in certain types of food, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Pharmacology

As a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, higenamine has the ability to stimulate the heart and other muscles in the body. It is believed to work by activating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which can increase heart rate, contractility, and relaxation. This can lead to increased blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscles.

Uses

Higenamine is often used in dietary supplements for its potential weight loss and performance-enhancing benefits. However, its use in sports is controversial due to its classification as a banned substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

Safety and regulation

The safety of higenamine is not well-studied, and its use is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2017, the FDA issued warnings to several companies for selling dietary supplements containing higenamine without proper labeling.

See also

• Beta-2 adrenergic agonist
• Aconitum
• Nandina domestica
• Magnolia
• Annonaceae