Hipposideridae

Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart's leaf-nosed bat 1

Pseudorhinolophus

Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart's leaf-nosed bat 3

Hipposideridae, also known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats, is a family of bats found primarily in the Old World: Africa, Asia, and Australasia. This family is characterized by the unique structure of the nose, which includes a leaf-shaped appendage used for echolocation. The Hipposideridae family is diverse, with over 80 species grouped into several genera.

Characteristics

Members of the Hipposideridae family vary in size but generally have robust bodies, large heads, and broad wings. The most distinctive feature of these bats is the complex nose leaf, which aids in their echolocation abilities. Unlike the Microchiroptera, which emit echolocation calls from their mouths, Hipposideridae bats emit calls from their noses. This adaptation possibly helps in focusing the sound for more effective echolocation.

Habitat and Distribution

Hipposideridae bats are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, savannas, and even human-dominated landscapes. Their distribution spans across many countries in Africa, Asia, and parts of Australasia. They are adaptable and can roost in natural and artificial structures, including caves, tree hollows, and buildings.

Diet

The diet of Hipposideridae bats primarily consists of insects. They are adept at catching their prey mid-flight, using their echolocation abilities to navigate and hunt in the dark. Some species may also consume fruits and pollen, indicating a degree of dietary flexibility.

Reproduction

Reproductive habits can vary among species within the Hipposideridae family. Generally, these bats have a monoestrous breeding cycle, with females giving birth to a single offspring per year. Maternal colonies are common, where females gather to give birth and rear their young.

Conservation

The conservation status of Hipposideridae species ranges from Least Concern to Critically Endangered. Threats to their populations include habitat destruction, pollution, and disturbances to roosting sites. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these bats, as they play vital roles in ecosystems, such as pest control and pollination.

Genera

The Hipposideridae family includes several genera, such as:

• Hipposideros – The largest genus, containing many species found across the family's range.
• Asellia – Includes species like the trident leaf-nosed bat, known for the distinctive trident-shaped nose leaf.
• Coelops – Known for the East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, a species with a reduced tail and a preference for humid environments.
• Rhinolophus – Although primarily classified under the Rhinolophidae family, some species are occasionally considered part of Hipposideridae in older classifications.

See Also

• Echolocation
• Bats
• Conservation status