Histocompatibility

Histocompatibility is a term used in biology and immunology to describe the genetic compatibility between the cells of one individual and the cells of another, which is determined by the similarity of the antigens present on the surface of these cells. Histocompatibility is crucial in successful organ transplantation.

Overview

Histocompatibility is a complex process that involves the interaction of various genes and proteins. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that play a key role in this process. These genes code for proteins that are displayed on the surface of cells and help the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self cells.

Major Histocompatibility Complex

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a set of genes that code for proteins known as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). These antigens help the immune system to recognize foreign substances. MHC genes are highly polymorphic, which means that they have many different forms in a population. This high level of diversity is beneficial because it increases the likelihood that an individual will be able to respond to a wide range of foreign substances.

Histocompatibility in Organ Transplantation

In organ transplantation, histocompatibility is a critical factor that determines the success of the transplant. The more similar the HLA antigens are between the donor and the recipient, the less likely it is that the recipient's immune system will reject the transplanted organ. This is why close relatives are often the best match for organ donation.

Histocompatibility Testing

Histocompatibility testing, also known as tissue typing, is a series of tests that are performed to determine the HLA antigens in an individual. These tests are used to match organ donors with recipients in organ transplantation. They can also be used to diagnose certain autoimmune diseases and to determine susceptibility to certain infectious diseases.

See Also

• Immunology
• Organ transplantation
• Major Histocompatibility Complex
• Antigens
• Genes

References

Histocompatibility Resources
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