History of Albania

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== History of Albania ==

The history of Albania spans several millennia, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Paleolithic era. The region has been inhabited by various civilizations, including the Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, and others, each leaving a significant impact on the cultural and historical landscape of the country.

Prehistoric Albania

Archaeological evidence suggests that the area now known as Albania has been inhabited since the Paleolithic period. The discovery of tools and other artifacts in the region indicates the presence of early human settlements.

Illyrian Period

The Illyrians were an ancient group of tribes who lived in the western Balkans, including present-day Albania. They are considered the ancestors of modern Albanians. The Illyrians established several kingdoms, the most notable being the Kingdom of Illyria.

Greek and Roman Period

During antiquity, parts of Albania were colonized by the Ancient Greeks, who established several cities along the coast, such as Apollonia and Dyrrachium. The region later became part of the Roman Empire following the Illyrian Wars.

Byzantine and Medieval Period

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire. During the medieval period, the region saw the rise of several principalities and was influenced by various powers, including the Normans, Angevins, and Serbs.

Ottoman Period

In the late 14th century, Albania fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans ruled Albania for over four centuries, significantly influencing its culture, religion, and architecture. The period also saw the rise of national heroes such as Skanderbeg, who led a rebellion against Ottoman rule.

Independence and Modern History

Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire on November 28, 1912. The early 20th century was marked by political instability and the establishment of a monarchy under King Zog I. During World War II, Albania was occupied by Italy and later by Nazi Germany. After the war, Albania became a communist state under the leadership of Enver Hoxha.

Post-Communist Era

The fall of communism in the early 1990s led to significant political and economic changes in Albania. The country transitioned to a democratic system and has since been working towards integration with European and NATO institutions.

Related Pages

• Illyrians
• Skanderbeg
• Ottoman Empire
• Byzantine Empire
• King Zog I
• Enver Hoxha
• European Union
• NATO