History of Portland, Oregon

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Oregon provisional districts 1843

Front Street in Portland, Oregon

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First house in Portland, Oregon

Minutes of first Portland City Council meeting

Plat of Portland OR c1850s

History of Portland, Oregon

The History of Portland, Oregon begins with the Native American tribes that have inhabited the region for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. The area that would become Portland was known to Native Americans as "Neerchokikoo" and was a popular fishing and trading site. In the early 19th century, European and American explorers began to enter the region, leading to the establishment of Fort Vancouver by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1825 on the north bank of the Columbia River, in what is now Vancouver, Washington.

Pre-European Settlement

Before the arrival of Europeans, the Portland area was home to a variety of Native American tribes, including the Multnomah, part of the Chinookan peoples. These tribes lived off the land, engaging in fishing, hunting, and gathering activities along the Columbia and Willamette Rivers.

Early European Exploration and Settlement

The Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804-1806 was among the first recorded European presences in the area. Following their exploration, fur traders and missionaries began to settle in the region. The establishment of Fort Vancouver in 1825 was a significant development, serving as a major trading post in the Pacific Northwest.

Incorporation and Growth

Portland was officially incorporated in 1851. Its location at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers made it an ideal trading center, leading to rapid growth. The city's economy boomed, particularly in the lumber and shipping industries. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1883 further spurred growth, making Portland a major port city and gateway to the Pacific.

20th Century Developments

The early 20th century saw continued growth and development in Portland. The 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition was a significant event, promoting Portland on an international stage. However, the city also faced challenges, including the Great Depression and the Vanport Flood of 1948, which destroyed the second-largest city in Oregon at the time and displaced thousands of residents.

During World War II, Portland's shipyards were an essential part of the war effort, producing ships faster than any other shipyard in the country. This period also saw a significant increase in the city's population, including a large influx of African American workers from the South.

Urban Renewal and Modern Era

In the latter half of the 20th century, Portland became known for its progressive urban planning and commitment to public transportation and environmental sustainability. The establishment of the Urban Growth Boundary in 1979 helped to control urban sprawl and preserve green spaces. The development of the Portland MAX Light Rail in the 1980s further emphasized the city's commitment to public transportation.

Today, Portland is known for its vibrant culture, arts scene, and as a leader in sustainability and green living. The city continues to face challenges, including housing affordability and homelessness, but remains a dynamic and evolving urban center.

See Also

• History of Oregon
• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Urban planning in Portland, Oregon
• Portland MAX Light Rail