Homeobox

Homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants. This sequence codes for a protein domain known as the homeodomain. Homeobox genes are critical for the proper placement of body parts.

Function

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that regulate the expression of other genes. They do so by binding to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

Homeodomain

The homeodomain is a 60-amino acid long domain encoded by the homeobox sequence. It is a DNA-binding domain, enabling homeobox proteins to bind to DNA sequences and regulate gene expression.

Homeobox genes in humans

In humans, there are four classes of homeobox genes, namely HOXA, HOXB, HOXC, and HOXD. They are located on different chromosomes and are responsible for the anterior-posterior body axis formation.

Diseases associated with homeobox genes

Mutations in homeobox genes can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. For example, mutations in the HOXD13 gene are associated with synpolydactyly, a condition characterized by abnormalities of the hands and feet.

See also

• Hox gene
• Pax genes
• MADS-box

References

• Antennapedia mutation in Drosophila
  Antennapedia mutation in Drosophila
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  NK2 homeodomain-DNA complex
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  Hox genes of fruit fly