Hornet

Vespa crabro germana with prey Richard Bartz Crop

Жало шершня

Wespennestje Vinderhoute

HornetLifeLyd

Vespa basalis

Hornet refers to the largest members of the genus Vespa, which comprises 22 recognized species. These insects are classified within the family Vespidae, which also includes wasps and yellowjackets. Hornets are known for their impressive size, powerful stings, and distinctive social behavior, living in highly organized colonies that can contain thousands of individuals. The most widely recognized species is the Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), often cited for its size and the potency of its venom.

Description

Hornets are distinguished by their size, which can exceed 5.5 cm (2.2 in) in length in the case of the Asian giant hornet. They have two pairs of wings and a characteristic waist between the thorax and abdomen. Their coloration varies among species but generally includes a mix of black, yellow, and brown. Hornets are equipped with a stinger used for defense and for capturing prey, and unlike bees, hornets can sting multiple times.

Behavior and Ecology

Hornets are social insects, with colonies founded by fertilized queens in the spring. These colonies grow over the summer and can become quite large by the end of the season. Hornets are apex predators among insects, preying on other insects like flies, bees, and other wasps. They play a significant role in the ecosystem by controlling the population of these insects.

Hornets build paper nests by chewing wood mixed with their saliva. These nests can be found in sheltered places like hollow trees, attics, or underground. The structure of the nest and the role of individuals within the colony are highly organized, with a clear division of labor among workers, drones, and the queen.

Distribution

Hornets are found in temperate and tropical regions throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. The Asian giant hornet has been of particular concern due to its recent sightings in North America, where it poses a threat to local ecosystems and honeybee populations.

Human Interaction

While hornets play a beneficial role in nature, they can become a nuisance when they nest near human habitation. Their stings are painful and can be dangerous to individuals with allergies to insect stings. Efforts to control hornet populations typically involve removing nests or using traps, but these methods must be approached with caution due to the risk of stings.

Conservation

The conservation status of hornets varies by species. While most species are not currently at risk, the expansion of human activity and changes in climate could impact their habitats and food sources. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining the natural balance, ensuring that hornet populations do not become a threat to humans while also not being unduly reduced.