Hydroxyethyl starch

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a starch derivative used in intravenous therapy to treat or prevent shock and blood volume deficits. It is a type of colloid solution, which works by increasing the volume of blood plasma, thereby helping to maintain blood pressure and blood flow.

History

The use of HES in medical treatments dates back to the 1960s. It was initially developed as a blood plasma substitute due to its ability to expand blood volume. Over the years, its use has expanded to include the treatment of various conditions related to blood volume and pressure.

Composition

HES is a complex mixture of different molecules, all of which are derivatives of amylopectin, a type of starch. The hydroxyethyl groups in HES are responsible for its solubility and stability in water.

Uses

HES is primarily used in the treatment of hypovolemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in the volume of blood plasma. It is also used in the treatment of shock, a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow.

In addition to these uses, HES is sometimes used in surgery to prevent blood loss. It is also used in the treatment of burns to replace lost fluids and maintain blood pressure.

Side Effects

Like all medications, HES can cause side effects. These can include allergic reactions, kidney damage, and bleeding disorders. The risk of side effects can be reduced by careful monitoring and adjustment of the dosage.

Controversies

The use of HES has been controversial due to concerns about its safety and effectiveness. Some studies have suggested that it may increase the risk of kidney damage and death in critically ill patients. However, other studies have found no such risks, and the issue remains a subject of ongoing debate in the medical community.

See Also

• Colloid solutions
• Intravenous therapy
• Hypovolemia
• Shock (circulatory)