IFN-γ

Protein and signaling molecule involved in the immune response

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral, some bacterial and protozoal infections. IFN-γ is an important activator of macrophages and inducer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule expression. Aberrant IFN-γ expression is associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Structure

IFN-γ is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The gene encoding IFN-γ is located on chromosome 12 in humans.

Function

IFN-γ has antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-tumor properties. It alters transcription in up to 30 genes producing a variety of physiological and cellular responses. IFN-γ is produced predominantly by natural killer cells and T lymphocytes.

Mechanism of Action

IFN-γ binds to the interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR), which is a complex of two different subunits, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. This binding activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to the transcription of IFN-γ-responsive genes.

Clinical Significance

IFN-γ is used clinically to treat chronic granulomatous disease and osteopetrosis. It is also being investigated for its potential in treating various cancers and infectious diseases.

Related Pages

• Cytokine
• Immune system
• Macrophage
• Natural killer cell
• T lymphocyte
• JAK-STAT signaling pathway
• Granulomatous disease
• Osteopetrosis
• Cancer
• Infectious disease

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