Ignition interlock device

Ignition interlock device (IID), also known as a breath alcohol ignition interlock device (BAIID) or simply an interlock, is a breathalyzer for an individual's vehicle. It requires the driver to blow into a mouthpiece on the device before starting the vehicle. If the resultant breath-alcohol concentration analyzed result is greater than the programmed blood alcohol concentration (which varies between countries and states), the device prevents the engine from being started.

Overview

An IID is connected to a vehicle's ignition system. Modern devices use an ethanol-specific fuel cell for a sensor. A microcontroller in the IID processes the breath sample, measures the alcohol level, and determines whether the engine can be started. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for drivers vary across jurisdictions, typically ranging from 0.02% to 0.08%.

History

The development of alcohol ignition interlock devices dates back to the 1960s, with significant advancements in technology and adoption occurring in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Their use has been primarily as a tool for combating drunk driving, by restricting vehicle operation if the driver is intoxicated.

Legislation

Many countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and some European nations, have laws that allow or require the use of ignition interlock devices by individuals convicted of DUI offenses. The specifics of these laws vary, with some jurisdictions mandating IIDs for all offenders, while others require them only for repeat offenders or those with high BAC levels at the time of arrest.

Operation

To use an IID, the driver must blow into the device before starting their vehicle. If the BAC is below the set limit, the vehicle can be started. Additionally, the device may require retests at random intervals during the trip, known as "rolling retests," to ensure continued sobriety.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Prevention of Drunk Driving: IIDs are effective in preventing individuals from driving under the influence, thereby reducing the risk of alcohol-related crashes.
• Behavioral Change: The requirement to use an IID can encourage individuals to change their drinking and driving behaviors.

Disadvantages

• Cost: Installation and monthly rental fees for the device can be expensive.
• Inconvenience: The need for regular breath tests can be seen as intrusive and inconvenient.
• False Positives: Certain substances or foods can sometimes trigger false positives, preventing the vehicle from starting even when the driver is not intoxicated.

Future Developments

Research and development in the field of ignition interlock devices continue, with a focus on improving accuracy, reducing costs, and enhancing user convenience. Future advancements may include integration with vehicle telematics, facial recognition technology to ensure the driver is the one providing the breath sample, and more sophisticated anti-circumvention features.