Ileal conduit

Ileal Conduit

The ileal conduit is a surgical procedure used in urology to create a new pathway for urine to exit the body after the removal of the bladder, a procedure known as a cystectomy. This is often necessary in cases of bladder cancer or other significant bladder diseases. The ileal conduit is a type of urinary diversion that involves using a segment of the intestine (specifically, the ileum) to form a conduit, or tube, through which urine can be passed out of the body.

Procedure

During the ileal conduit procedure, a surgeon removes a small piece of the ileum and uses it to form a tube. One end of this tube is connected to the ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The other end of the tube is brought out through an opening in the abdominal wall, known as a stoma. Urine is collected in an external bag attached to the stoma.

Indications

The primary indication for an ileal conduit is the need for a urinary diversion following cystectomy, which may be required due to bladder cancer, severe bladder dysfunction, or other significant bladder issues. It is chosen based on patient factors, including overall health, kidney function, and personal preference.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The ileal conduit is favored for its relative simplicity and the low risk of complications compared to other forms of urinary diversion. However, it does require the patient to manage a stoma and an external urine collection bag, which can be a significant lifestyle change. There is also a risk of complications such as infection, stoma complications, and issues related to the absorption of certain substances due to the removal of a portion of the intestine.

Postoperative Care

Postoperative care involves managing the stoma and the external bag, monitoring for signs of infection or obstruction, and regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider. Patients will also need education on how to care for their stoma and manage their urinary diversion.

Conclusion

The ileal conduit is a well-established method for urinary diversion that allows individuals without a functional bladder to maintain a relatively normal life. Despite the challenges associated with living with a stoma, many patients adapt well with appropriate support and education.