Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter

Ileal Sodium/Bile Acid Cotransporter (ISBT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC10A2 gene. It is a member of the solute carrier family of proteins, specifically the solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 2. This protein is primarily found in the ileum, the final section of the small intestine, where it plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of bile acids.

Function

The ISBT protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein and a key player in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, a process which is essential for dietary fat absorption and cholesterol homeostasis. It functions as a sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and is responsible for the reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum.

File:ISBT protein structure.jpg

Structure of the ISBT protein.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the SLC10A2 gene that encodes the ISBT protein can lead to a rare disorder known as primary bile acid malabsorption (PBAM). This condition is characterized by chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, and a failure to reabsorb bile acids in the ileum. It can lead to a variety of complications, including vitamin and nutrient deficiencies due to malabsorption.

Research

Research into the ISBT protein and its function has potential implications for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including cholesterol gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Understanding the mechanisms of bile acid transport and reabsorption can provide insights into these and other related conditions.

See also

• Solute carrier family
• Primary bile acid malabsorption
• Ileum