Inigo Jones

Portrait Inigo Jones

Bust of Inigo Jones by John Michael Rysbrack, 1725

IJonesKnightmasque

Queens House

Banqueting House 801

West Front of St Paul's, Covent Garden, by Edward Rooker after Paul Sandby, 1766 - gac 06359

Inigo Jones (15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) was an eminent English architect who is regarded as one of the most significant figures in the introduction of Renaissance architecture to England. Jones is best known for his work on the Banqueting House, Whitehall, and for his role as the first Surveyor of the King's Works. His designs marked a departure from the medieval Gothic architecture that had predominated in England, introducing ideas from Italy and the classical world.

Early Life

Inigo Jones was born in London, the son of a cloth worker. Details of his early life are sparse, but it is known that he was baptized on 15 July 1573. Jones's education is not well documented, but it is believed that he left England to travel in Italy, where he was profoundly influenced by the works of Italian architects, particularly Andrea Palladio. This influence would be a defining element in his architectural style.

Career

Upon his return to England, Jones brought with him the ideas of the Italian Renaissance. His first major commission was the design of the sets and costumes for a royal masque in 1605, marking the beginning of his long association with the royal court. In 1615, he was appointed Surveyor of the King's Works, a position that gave him significant influence over the design and construction of royal buildings.

Jones's most famous work, the Banqueting House at Whitehall, was completed in 1622. It is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture and is notable for its grandiose classical columns and the use of a coherent architectural vocabulary derived from his studies of Palladio. The ceiling of the Banqueting House was painted by Peter Paul Rubens, adding to its artistic significance.

In addition to the Banqueting House, Jones was responsible for the design of several other important buildings and structures, including the Queen's House at Greenwich and the layout of Covent Garden. He was also involved in the design of theatrical productions, bringing his architectural sensibilities to the stage.

Legacy

Inigo Jones's work had a profound impact on English architecture. He is credited with introducing the principles of classical architecture to England, which would dominate the architectural landscape for the next several centuries. His designs reflected a harmonious balance and proportion, drawing heavily on the work of Palladio and ancient Roman architecture.

Jones's influence extended beyond his lifetime, inspiring future generations of architects. His emphasis on classical purity and the integration of architecture with its surroundings would be echoed in the works of later architects such as Christopher Wren and John Nash.

Death

Inigo Jones passed away on 21 June 1652 in London. His contributions to architecture have ensured his place as a key figure in the history of English art and architecture.