Integrins

Integrins are a family of cell surface receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to changes in the environment.

Structure

Integrins consist of two non-covalently bound chains: the alpha and beta subunits. Each subunit spans the plasma membrane and has a short cytoplasmic domain. The structure of the alpha subunit determines the ligand specificity of the integrin, while the beta subunit undergoes conformational changes during activation.

Function

Integrins play a crucial role in cell adhesion and migration. They also participate in cell signaling and define cellular shape and motility. A single cell may have several types of integrins on its surface, each capable of binding to different ligands and serving different roles in cellular processes.

Clinical significance

Given their role in cellular processes, integrins are implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. They are also targets for drug development, with several integrin inhibitors approved for clinical use.

See also

• Cell adhesion
• Cell migration
• Signal transduction

References

Integrins Resources
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