Interferon gamma 1b

Interferon gamma 1b is a cytokine that is used in the treatment of various medical conditions. It is a type of interferon, which are proteins produced by the cells of the immune system in response to challenges such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells.

Structure

Interferon gamma 1b is a dimeric protein, meaning it is composed of two identical subunits. Each subunit is made up of 143 amino acids. The two subunits are held together by two disulfide bonds, which are strong covalent bonds between two sulfur atoms.

Function

Interferon gamma 1b is part of the body's natural immune response. It is produced by T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in response to specific immune stimuli. Once produced, interferon gamma 1b binds to specific receptors on the surface of cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular events that enhance the immune response. This includes the activation of macrophages, enhancement of antigen presentation, and the promotion of Th1 cell differentiation.

Medical Use

Interferon gamma 1b is used in the treatment of several medical conditions. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of chronic granulomatous disease and malignant osteopetrosis. It is also used off-label for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, and certain types of cancer.

Side Effects

Like all medications, interferon gamma 1b can cause side effects. The most common side effects include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches. Less common but more serious side effects can include depression, changes in vision, and severe allergic reactions.

See Also

• Interferon
• Cytokine
• Chronic granulomatous disease
• Osteopetrosis
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Multiple sclerosis