Interleukin-10

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL10 gene. IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. Consequently, the functional receptor consists of four IL-10 receptor molecules. IL-10 binding induces STAT3 signalling via the phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tails of IL-10 receptor 1 + IL-10 receptor 2 by JAK1 and Tyk2 respectively.

Function

IL-10 is a cytokine with multiple, pleiotropic, effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-κB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Clinical significance

The ability of IL-10 to inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines makes it a potential therapeutic agent for various inflammatory conditions. IL-10 reduces inflammation and promotes wound healing in skin injuries. It also suppresses the immune response to pathogens, which can be beneficial in certain conditions, but can also lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

See also

• Cytokine
• Inflammation
• JAK-STAT signaling pathway
• NF-κB
• Macrophage

External links

• Interleukin-10 at WikiMD

Interleukin-10 Resources
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