Interleukin-4
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a type of protein that is produced by certain immune cells and plays a crucial role in stimulating and regulating the immune response. It is a key player in the body's defense against pathogens and is involved in the activation and differentiation of T cells and B cells, two types of immune cells.
Function[edit | edit source]
IL-4 is primarily produced by Th2 cells, a subset of T cells. It promotes the differentiation of naive helper T cells into Th2 cells, which then produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. This is critical for the body's defense against extracellular pathogens, such as parasites.
In addition to its role in T cell differentiation, IL-4 also influences B cells. It stimulates B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies to fight off infections. Furthermore, IL-4 promotes the class switching of antibodies to IgE, a type of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Due to its role in the immune response, IL-4 has been implicated in a number of diseases. For instance, overproduction of IL-4 is associated with allergies and asthma, as it promotes the production of IgE antibodies that trigger allergic reactions. On the other hand, underproduction of IL-4 can lead to impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections.
In addition, IL-4 has been studied for its potential role in cancer. Some studies suggest that IL-4 may promote tumor growth and progression, while others indicate that it may have anti-tumor effects. The role of IL-4 in cancer is complex and likely depends on the specific type of cancer and the overall immune environment.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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