Internationalism (politics)

1846 - Anti-Corn Law League Meeting

Flag of the United Nations

Ramsay MacDonald ggbain.37952

Karl Marx 001

Kustodiev - Congress of Comintern

Internationalism (politics) is a political principle which transcends nationalism and advocates a greater political or economic cooperation among nations and people. Supporters of internationalism believe that the people of the world should unite across national, political, cultural, racial, or class boundaries to advance their common interests, or that governments should cooperate because their mutual long-term interests are of greater importance than their short-term disputes.

Origins and Development

The concept of internationalism emerged in the 19th century, paralleling the rise of nationalism. It was significantly influenced by the industrial revolution and the subsequent increase in global trade, which made the idea of cooperation across borders more appealing and practical. Early internationalist ideas were often linked with peace movements and the desire to prevent wars between nations. The establishment of the International Red Cross in 1863 and the calling of the first International Peace Congress in 1843 are early examples of internationalist efforts.

In the 20th century, the devastation caused by World War I and World War II provided a significant impetus for international cooperation, leading to the foundation of the League of Nations and, later, the United Nations. The Cold War period saw internationalism manifest in different forms, including the non-aligned movement which sought to stand apart from the US-Soviet rivalry.

Political Internationalism

Political internationalism is the advocacy for a greater political cooperation between nations. It is often associated with the promotion of international institutions like the United Nations, and the idea that international law should be respected and strengthened. Political internationalists argue that global challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics can only be effectively addressed through international cooperation.

Economic Internationalism

Economic internationalism focuses on increasing economic cooperation between nations through trade agreements, global financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, and other means. Proponents argue that economic interdependence leads to peace and prosperity, drawing on liberal theories of international relations.

Criticisms

Criticism of internationalism comes from various quarters. Nationalists argue that it can lead to a loss of sovereignty and cultural identity. Some critics from the left argue that economic internationalism, in the form of globalization, benefits multinational corporations at the expense of workers and the environment. Others worry about the democratic deficit in international institutions, where decisions affecting millions can be made by a few unelected officials.

Contemporary Internationalism

In the 21st century, internationalism faces both challenges and opportunities. The rise of populist and nationalist movements in many countries has challenged the internationalist order. However, the increasing interconnectedness of the world, through technology and global challenges like climate change, has also highlighted the importance of international cooperation.