Internet protocol suite

SRI_First_Internetworked_Connection_diagram

SRI_Packet_Radio_Van

UDP_encapsulation

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). It is sometimes referred to as the DoD model because the development of the networking method was funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA.

History

The Internet protocol suite was developed by DARPA in the early 1970s. The first major demonstration of the ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet, occurred in 1972. The suite was standardized in the early 1980s and has since become the foundation for the global Internet.

Layers

The Internet protocol suite is structured into four abstraction layers:

Application Layer

The Application layer is the top layer of the Internet protocol suite. It provides protocols that are used by software applications to communicate over the network. Examples include the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Transport Layer

The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error handling. The primary protocols in this layer are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Internet Layer

The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions. The main protocol in this layer is the Internet Protocol (IP), which is responsible for delivering packets from the source host to the destination host based on their addresses.

Link Layer

The Link layer (also known as the Network Interface layer) is responsible for the physical transmission of data on the network. It includes protocols such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

Protocols

The Internet protocol suite includes a wide range of protocols, each serving different functions. Some of the key protocols include:

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Domain Name System (DNS)

Related Pages

• Internet
• Computer network
• Transmission Control Protocol
• Internet Protocol
• Ethernet
• Wi-Fi
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• File Transfer Protocol
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• User Datagram Protocol
• Internet Control Message Protocol
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• Domain Name System

See Also

• OSI model
• Network protocol
• Packet switching
• Routing