Interphalangeal joints of hand

Interphalangeal Joints of the Hand

The Interphalangeal joints of the hand are hinged joints located between the phalanges of the fingers. These joints are divided into two categories: the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) and the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP).

Interphalangeal joints of the hand

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The anatomy of the interphalangeal joints is complex, with each joint consisting of a pair of bones, a joint capsule, and a set of ligaments. The bones involved are the phalanges, which are the small bones that make up the fingers. Each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb, which has two.

The joint capsule is a fibrous sac that encloses the joint and is lined with synovial membrane. This membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement.

The ligaments involved in these joints are the collateral ligaments and the volar plate. The collateral ligaments are located on either side of the joint and prevent side-to-side movement. The volar plate is a thick ligament located on the palm side of the joint, which prevents hyperextension.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the interphalangeal joints is to allow for flexion and extension of the fingers. This is essential for many daily activities, including gripping objects, typing, and writing.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Conditions that can affect the interphalangeal joints include arthritis, gout, and injury. Arthritis can cause inflammation and stiffness in the joints, while gout is a type of arthritis that typically affects the distal interphalangeal joints. Injuries to these joints can occur from trauma, such as a fall or a sports injury.