Phalanges

Phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot. There are 56 phalanges in the human body, with fourteen on each hand and foot. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which only have two phalanges.

Anatomy

Each phalanx consists of a body and two extremities. The superior extremities of the body are small, rough, and irregularly shaped, while the inferior extremities are larger and smoother. The phalanges of the hand and foot differ in size, number, and names given to them. On both the hands and feet, the phalanges are classified as proximal, middle, and distal, with the thumb and large toe having only proximal and distal phalanges.

Function

The phalanges are critical for the complex movements of the fingers and toes. They provide support and flexibility, allowing for fine manipulation and strong grasping movements. The phalanges of the foot provide support and balance during walking and running.

Clinical significance

Injuries to the phalanges, such as fractures and dislocations, are common and can result in significant disability. Diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis can also affect the phalanges, leading to pain and loss of function.

See also

• Metacarpus
• Metatarsus
• Carpus
• Tarsus (skeleton)

Phalanges Resources
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