Iris pseudacorus

Iris pseudacorus iris des marais

Iris pseudacorus bud - Niitvälja

Iris pseudacorus from sweden

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Iris pseudacorus flower

Yellow Iris Iris pseudacorus Flower 1469px

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Iris pseudacorus 01

Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag, yellow iris, water flag) is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Iridaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia, and northwest Africa. Its presence spans across a variety of wetland habitats, including the edges of ponds, rivers, and ditches. Iris pseudacorus is known for its striking yellow flowers and robust, sword-like leaves.

Description

Iris pseudacorus is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 100-150 cm tall. The plant forms thick clumps from a creeping rhizome. Its leaves are bright green, erect, and sword-shaped, measuring 90 cm in length and 3 cm in width. The flowers are large, with a diameter of up to 10 cm, and display a vivid yellow color. They typically bloom from May to June. The fruit is a dry capsule 4-7 cm long, containing numerous pale brown seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally native to Europe, western Asia, and northwest Africa, Iris pseudacorus has been introduced to North America, New Zealand, and Australia, where it is often considered an invasive species. It thrives in wetlands, including marshes, riverbanks, and the margins of ponds and lakes, preferring full sunlight but tolerating partial shade.

Ecological Impact

While Iris pseudacorus is valued for its ornamental qualities and its ability to stabilize soil in wetland areas, it has become invasive in some regions outside its native range. In these areas, it can form dense stands that outcompete native vegetation, reducing biodiversity and altering habitats. Its dense root system can also obstruct water flow in ditches and streams.

Cultivation and Uses

Iris pseudacorus is widely cultivated in water gardens and naturalistic plantings. It requires wet soil or shallow water to thrive and is often planted along the margins of ponds and water features. Beyond its use in landscaping, the plant has been used in traditional medicine and as a source of yellow dye. However, it is important to note that all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested.

Conservation

In its native range, Iris pseudacorus is not considered at risk. However, efforts are made in areas where it is invasive to control its spread, often involving physical removal or the use of herbicides. Conservation efforts focus on protecting native wetland habitats from invasion by this and other non-native species.