Iron(III) sulfate

Iron(III) sulfate, also known as ferric sulfate, is a chemical compound with the formula Fe2(SO4)3. It is a common compound used in various industrial processes, water purification, and as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. This article provides an overview of iron(III) sulfate, including its properties, applications, and safety considerations.

Properties

Iron(III) sulfate appears as a yellow-brown solid under normal conditions. It is soluble in water, producing acidic solutions due to hydrolysis of the sulfate ion. The compound is often encountered in its hydrated form, Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O, where x can vary, but the most common form is the nonahydrate (x = 9).

Production

Iron(III) sulfate can be produced by reacting sulfuric acid with iron, iron(II) sulfate, or iron(III) oxide. One of the most common methods involves the oxidation of iron(II) sulfate with oxygen, facilitated by a catalyst such as nitric acid.

Applications

Water Treatment

In water treatment, iron(III) sulfate is used as a coagulant to remove suspended solids and particulate matter. It is effective in reducing turbidity and eliminating harmful microorganisms by flocculation and sedimentation.

Dyeing and Printing

As a mordant in dyeing and printing, iron(III) sulfate helps in fixing dyes onto fabrics, ensuring the color's durability and resistance to washing.

Other Uses

Iron(III) sulfate is also used in the production of pigments, in the manufacture of other iron compounds, and as a lawn conditioner in the agricultural sector.

Safety Considerations

Handling iron(III) sulfate requires caution. It is an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn to avoid exposure. In case of contact, affected areas should be rinsed immediately with plenty of water.

Environmental Impact

While iron(III) sulfate is used in environmental applications like water treatment, its misuse or improper disposal can lead to soil and water pollution. It is crucial to follow regulatory guidelines for handling, storage, and disposal.

See Also

• Iron(II) sulfate
• Sulfuric acid
• Water purification
• Mordant