Isoamyl alcohol

Isoamyl alcohol

Isoamyl alcohol (also known as isopentyl alcohol, isopentanol, or 3-methyl-1-butanol) is a colorless liquid with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol. Isoamyl alcohol is used in a variety of applications including as a flavoring agent, in the production of esters, and as a solvent in industries such as pharmaceuticals and coatings.

Chemical Properties

Isoamyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and can be identified by its strong, banana-like odor. It is slightly soluble in water and fully miscible with organic solvents. It has a boiling point of 131.6°C and a melting point of -117.2°C. It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.

Production

Isoamyl alcohol is primarily produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast in the brewing of alcohol. It is also produced synthetically by the hydration of isopentene, or the hydroformylation of butene followed by hydrogenation.

Uses

Isoamyl alcohol is used in a variety of applications. It is used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry due to its strong, banana-like odor. It is also used in the production of esters, which are used in turn in the production of plastics, as well as in the production of perfumes and flavorings. In addition, isoamyl alcohol is used as a solvent in industries such as pharmaceuticals and coatings.

Health Effects

Exposure to isoamyl alcohol can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, central nervous system depression. Long-term exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage.

See Also

• Amyl alcohol
• Isomer
• Fermentation
• Hydroformylation