Isoleucine

Isoleucine

Isoleucine is an amino acid, one of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids that are used in the synthesis of proteins. It is classified as an essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources.

Chemical Properties

Isoleucine is an aliphatic amino acid, meaning it has a non-aromatic, open-chain structure. It is a hydrophobic amino acid, which means it tends to cluster together with other hydrophobic residues in the core of proteins, away from the aqueous environment.

Biological Role

In the human body, isoleucine is involved in several important functions. It plays a crucial role in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels. It is also important for immune function, wound healing, and the detoxification of nitrogenous wastes.

Dietary Sources

Isoleucine is found in a variety of foods, particularly in high-protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and legumes. It can also be obtained from certain grains and nuts.

Deficiency and Supplementation

A deficiency in isoleucine can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and depression. In severe cases, it can cause a condition known as maple syrup urine disease, which is characterized by sweet-smelling urine and can lead to serious neurological problems. Supplementation with isoleucine can be beneficial for individuals with certain health conditions, or for athletes seeking to improve performance and recovery.

See Also

• Amino acid
• Protein
• Essential amino acid
• Hemoglobin
• Maple syrup urine disease