Isoprene

PolyIsopreneCorrected.svg

Isoprene is a common organic compound with the formula C₅H₈. It is a colorless volatile liquid that is produced by many plants and animals. Isoprene is the monomer of natural rubber and is also used in the production of synthetic rubbers.

Structure and Properties

Isoprene is a hydrocarbon and more specifically a diene, meaning it contains two double bonds. Its IUPAC name is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. The structure of isoprene consists of a five-carbon chain with two double bonds, which makes it highly reactive.

Biological Role

Isoprene is emitted by many species of trees and plants, particularly in warmer climates. It is believed to play a role in protecting plants from heat stress. In the atmosphere, isoprene can react with other compounds to form ozone and other aerosols, which can affect air quality and climate.

Industrial Production

Isoprene is produced industrially by the thermal cracking of naphtha or as a byproduct of the production of ethylene. It is a key raw material in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyisoprene.

Applications

The primary use of isoprene is in the production of synthetic rubber. Polyisoprene, which is synthesized from isoprene, is used in a variety of applications including tires, footwear, and medical devices. Isoprene is also used in the production of other chemicals, such as terpenes and terpenoids, which are important in the fragrance and flavor industries.

Environmental Impact

Isoprene emissions from plants contribute significantly to the global budget of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These emissions can lead to the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which have implications for air quality and climate change.

See Also

• Natural rubber
• Synthetic rubber
• Volatile organic compound
• Ozone
• Terpene