Rhythmic movement disorder

Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmic movement disorder.

Symptoms and signs

RMD episodes typically last 15 minutes to 2 hours and occur at a frequency of 0.58 Hz. The movements can resemble head banging, head rolling, body rocking, body rolling and leg banging.

Causes

The exact cause of RMD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to stress and anxiety. It is also associated with developmental disorders and neurological disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of RMD is typically made through sleep study (polysomnography). This involves monitoring brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, respiration, and the level of oxygen in the blood while the patient sleeps.

Treatment

Treatment for RMD is usually not necessary unless the disorder is causing significant sleep disruption or risk of injury. In such cases, treatment may include behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both.

See also

• Sleep disorder
• Parasomnia
• Restless legs syndrome

References

Rhythmic movement disorder Resources
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