Jess (falconry)

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Jess (plural: jesses) are thin straps, traditionally made of leather, used in the practice of falconry to secure a bird of prey to its falconer. They are attached to the bird's legs and enable the handler to control the bird with ease, as well as to tether it when not flying. Jesses are crucial tools in falconry, allowing for the safe management and training of raptors.

History

The use of jesses can be traced back to the very origins of falconry, a practice that spans over 4,000 years across various cultures and continents. Initially, falconry was a means of obtaining food, but it eventually evolved into a sport of nobility and a symbol of status. The design and material of jesses have evolved over the centuries, reflecting changes in falconry practices and the availability of materials.

Design and Types

A typical set of jesses consists of two parts: the anklet and the leash. The anklet is a small, usually leather, strap that fits securely around the bird's tarsus (leg), without causing discomfort or hindrance to the bird's natural movements. The leash, another leather strap, is then attached to the anklets via a swivel mechanism, preventing the straps from tangling and allowing the bird some freedom of movement.

There are two main types of jesses:

• Traditional jesses: These are designed to be slipped on and off the bird's legs. They are used primarily when the bird is under direct supervision and control of the falconer.
• Mews jesses: These are designed for use when the bird is in its mews (housing) or on a perch. Mews jesses are typically shorter and have a slit at the end through which the leash or a swivel can be attached directly, making it easier to secure the bird without the need for constant supervision.

Materials

While leather is the traditional material for jesses due to its strength and flexibility, modern jesses can also be made from synthetic materials. These materials offer advantages such as increased durability and resistance to weather conditions, although they may not provide the same level of comfort or safety for the bird as well-crafted leather jesses.

Usage

In falconry, the jesses are used not only to tether the bird when it is not flying but also to assist in training and hunting exercises. The falconer can hold onto the jesses or attach them to a falconry glove to maintain control over the bird, especially in situations where the bird might become agitated or attempt to fly off. Proper use of jesses is essential for the safety of both the bird and the falconer, requiring careful attention to the fit and condition of the jesses.

Ethical Considerations

The use of jesses, like all aspects of falconry, is subject to ethical considerations. Properly fitted and maintained jesses ensure the bird's welfare, allowing it to rest, feed, and fly with minimal discomfort. Falconers must be knowledgeable and skilled in the use of jesses to prevent injury to the bird.

Conclusion

Jesses are an integral part of falconry, reflecting the deep connection between the falconer and the bird of prey. They embody the balance of control and freedom that is central to the practice of falconry, enabling the ancient art to continue into the modern age with respect for the well-being of the birds at its heart.

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